Composition of New Energy Vehicle Battery Management System (BMS)
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Battery management system (BMS) is the link between battery and user, and its main object is secondary battery. Secondary batteries have some shortcomings, such as low storage energy, short life, series-parallel operation problems, use safety, battery power estimation difficulties and so on. The performance of batteries is very complex, and the characteristics of different types of batteries vary greatly. Battery management system (BMS) is mainly designed to improve the utilization rate of batteries, prevent overcharging and overdischarge of batteries, prolong the service life of batteries, and monitor the status of batteries. With the development of battery management system, other functions will be added.
Battery management system is a key component of electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle. In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of batteries, the battery management system needs to have the following three functions:
1. Estimate accurately the charging state of power battery pack
2. Dynamic monitoring of the working status of power battery packs
3. Balance between individual batteries
In the future, lithium batteries will be the main power source of electric vehicles. The main reason is that lithium batteries have the advantages of high energy density, so their performance is relatively stable. However, the quality of lithium batteries is not easy to master in mass production. There are some slight differences in the power consumption when the batteries are discharged from the factory. With the factors of operation environment and aging, the inconsistency between batteries will become more and more obvious, and the efficiency and life of batteries will also become worse. In addition, over-charging or over-discharging may lead to the safety of ignition and combustion in serious cases. Questions. Therefore, the battery management system (BMS) can accurately measure the battery usage, protect the battery from excessive charging and discharging, balance the power of each battery in the battery pack, and analyze and calculate the power of the battery pack and convert it into driving comprehensible endurance information to ensure the safe operation of the power battery. Compared with traditional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles have obvious advantages in energy saving and emission reduction, and need to be improved in battery management and charging speed.
New energy vehicles are divided into pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles according to their power sources, namely EV and HEV. Because of the use of electric drive, new energy vehicles are different from the traditional internal combustion engine structure. New energy vehicle electronic technology generally includes battery management system BMS, vehicle charger, inverter, vehicle controller VCU/HCU, pedestrian warning system, DC/DC and so on. As the core components of new energy vehicles, battery management, inverter (motor control) and vehicle controller must have high security and reliability.
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